Add Function level EECONFIG code for EEPROM (#3084)

* Add Function level EEPROM configuration

Add kb and user functions for EEPROM, and example of how to use it.

* Bug fixes and demo

* Additional cleanup

* Add EEPROM reset macro to example

* Forgot init function in list

* Move eeconfig_init_quantum function to quantum.c and actually set default layer

* See if removing weak quantum function fixes issue

* Fix travis compile error

* Remove ifdef blocks from EECONFIG so settings are always set

* Fix for ARM EEPROM updates

* Fix merge issues

* Fix potential STM32 EEPROM issues

1 files changed, 140 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/docs/custom_quantum_functions.md b/docs/custom_quantum_functions.md
index 10c5c75a2d..f8b84cd6b3 100644
--- a/docs/custom_quantum_functions.md
+++ b/docs/custom_quantum_functions.md
@@ -244,3 +244,143 @@ uint32_t layer_state_set_user(uint32_t state) {
 * Keymap: `uint32_t layer_state_set_user(uint32_t state)`
 
 The `state` is the bitmask of the active layers, as explained in the [Keymap Overview](keymap.md#keymap-layer-status)
+
+
+# Persistent Configuration (EEPROM)
+
+This allows you to configure persistent settings for your keyboard.  These settings are stored in the EEPROM of your controller, and are retained even after power loss. The settings can be read with `eeconfig_read_kb` and `eeconfig_read_user`, and can be written to using `eeconfig_update_kb` and `eeconfig_update_user`. This is useful for features that you want to be able to toggle (like toggling rgb layer indication).  Additionally, you can use `eeconfig_init_kb` and `eeconfig_init_user` to set the default values for the EEPROM. 
+
+The complicated part here, is that there are a bunch of ways that you can store and access data via EEPROM, and there is no "correct" way to do this.  However, you only have a DWORD (4 bytes) for each function.
+
+Keep in mind that EEPROM has a limited number of writes. While this is very high, it's not the only thing writing to the EEPROM, and if you write too often, you can potentially drastically shorten the life of your MCU.
+
+* If you don't understand the example, then you may want to avoid using this feature, as it is rather complicated. 
+
+### Example  Implementation
+
+This is an example of how to add settings, and read and write it. We're using the user keymap for the example here.  This is a complex function, and has a lot going on.  In fact, it uses a lot of the above functions to work! 
+
+
+In your keymap.c file, add this to the top:
+```
+typedef union {
+  uint32_t raw;
+  struct {
+    bool     rgb_layer_change :1;
+  };
+} user_config_t;
+
+user_config_t user_config;
+```
+
+This sets up a 32 bit structure that we can store settings with in memory, and write to the EEPROM. Using this removes the need to define variables, since they're defined in this structure. Remember that `bool` (boolean) values use 1 bit, `uint8_t` uses 8 bits, `uint16_t` uses up 16 bits.  You can mix and match, but changing the order can cause issues, as it will change the values that are read and written. 
+
+We're using `rgb_layer_change`, for the `layer_state_set_*` function, and use `matrix_init_user` and `process_record_user` to configure everything. 
+
+Now, using the `matrix_init_user` code above, you want to add `eeconfig_read_user()` to it, to populate the structure you've just created. And you can then immediately use this structure to control functionality in your keymap.  And It should look like: 
+```
+void matrix_init_user(void) {
+  // Call the keymap level matrix init.
+
+  // Read the user config from EEPROM
+  user_config.raw = eeconfig_read_user();
+
+  // Set default layer, if enabled
+  if (user_config.rgb_layer_change) {
+    rgblight_enable_noeeprom();
+    rgblight_sethsv_noeeprom_cyan(); 
+    rgblight_mode_noeeprom(1);
+  }
+}
+```
+The above function will use the EEPROM config immediately after reading it, to set the default layer's RGB color. The "raw" value of it is converted in a usable structure based on the "union" that you created above. 
+
+```
+uint32_t layer_state_set_user(uint32_t state) {
+    switch (biton32(state)) {
+    case _RAISE:
+        if (user_config.rgb_layer_change) { rgblight_sethsv_noeeprom_magenta(); rgblight_mode_noeeprom(1); }
+        break;
+    case _LOWER:
+        if (user_config.rgb_layer_change) { rgblight_sethsv_noeeprom_red(); rgblight_mode_noeeprom(1); }
+        break;
+    case _PLOVER:
+        if (user_config.rgb_layer_change) { rgblight_sethsv_noeeprom_green(); rgblight_mode_noeeprom(1); }
+        break;
+    case _ADJUST:
+        if (user_config.rgb_layer_change) { rgblight_sethsv_noeeprom_white(); rgblight_mode_noeeprom(1); }
+        break;
+    default: //  for any other layers, or the default layer
+        if (user_config.rgb_layer_change) { rgblight_sethsv_noeeprom_cyan(); rgblight_mode_noeeprom(1); }
+        break;
+    }
+  return state;
+}
+```
+This will cause the RGB underglow to be changed ONLY if the value was enabled.  Now to configure this value, create a new keycode for `process_record_user` called `RGB_LYR` and `EPRM`. Additionally, we want to make sure that if you use the normal RGB codes, that it turns off  Using the example above, make it look this:
+```
+
+bool process_record_user(uint16_t keycode, keyrecord_t *record) {
+  switch (keycode) {
+    case FOO:
+      if (record->event.pressed) {
+        // Do something when pressed
+      } else {
+        // Do something else when release
+      }
+      return false; // Skip all further processing of this key
+    case KC_ENTER:
+        // Play a tone when enter is pressed
+        if (record->event.pressed) {
+            PLAY_NOTE_ARRAY(tone_qwerty);
+        }
+        return true; // Let QMK send the enter press/release events
+    case EPRM:
+        if (record->event.pressed) {
+            eeconfig_init(); // resets the EEPROM to default
+        }
+        return false;
+    case RGB_LYR:  // This allows me to use underglow as layer indication, or as normal
+        if (record->event.pressed) { 
+            user_config.rgb_layer_change ^= 1; // Toggles the status
+            eeconfig_update_user(user_config.raw); // Writes the new status to EEPROM
+            if (user_config.rgb_layer_change) { // if layer state indication is enabled, 
+                layer_state_set(layer_state);   // then immediately update the layer color
+            }
+        }
+        return false; break;
+    case RGB_MODE_FORWARD ... RGB_MODE_GRADIENT: // For any of the RGB codes (see quantum_keycodes.h, L400 for reference)
+        if (record->event.pressed) { //This disables layer indication, as it's assumed that if you're changing this ... you want that disabled
+            if (user_config.rgb_layer_change) {        // only if this is enabled 
+                user_config.rgb_layer_change = false;  // disable it, and 
+                eeconfig_update_user(user_config.raw); // write the setings to EEPROM
+            }
+        }
+        return true; break;
+    default:
+      return true; // Process all other keycodes normally
+  }
+}
+```
+And lastly, you want to add the `eeconfig_init_user` function, so that when the EEPROM is reset, you can specify default values, and even custom actions. For example, if you want to set rgb layer indication by default, and save the default valued. 
+
+```
+void eeconfig_init_user(void) {  // EEPROM is getting reset! 
+  user_config.rgb_layer_change = true; // We want this enabled by default
+  eeconfig_update_user(user_config.raw); // Write default value to EEPROM now
+
+  // use the non noeeprom versions, to write these values to EEPROM too
+  rgblight_enable(); // Enable RGB by default
+  rgblight_sethsv_cyan();  // Set it to CYAN by default
+  rgblight_mode(1); // set to solid by default
+}
+```
+
+And you're done.  The RGB layer indication will only work if you want it to. And it will be saved, even after unplugging the board. And if you use any of the RGB codes, it will disable the layer indication, so that it stays on the mode and color that you set it to. 
+
+### 'EECONFIG' Function Documentation
+
+* Keyboard/Revision: `void eeconfig_init_kb(void)`, `uint32_t eeconfig_read_kb(void)` and `void eeconfig_update_kb(uint32_t val)`
+* Keymap: `void eeconfig_init_user(void)`, `uint32_t eeconfig_read_user(void)` and `void eeconfig_update_user(uint32_t val)`
+
+The `val` is the value of the data that you want to write to EEPROM.  And the `eeconfig_read_*` function return a 32 bit (DWORD) value from the EEPROM.