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# Keycodes Overview
When defining a [keymap](keymap.md) each key needs a valid key definition. This page documents the symbols that correspond to keycodes that are available to you in QMK.
This is a reference only. Each group of keys links to the page documenting their functionality in more detail.
## Basic Keycodes :id=basic-keycodes
See also: [Basic Keycodes](keycodes_basic.md)
|Key |Aliases |Description |Windows |macOS |Linux<sup>1</sup>|
|------------------------|-------------------------------|---------------------------------------|-------------|-------------|-----------------|
|`KC_NO` |`XXXXXXX` |Ignore this key (NOOP) |*N/A* |*N/A* |*N/A* |
|`KC_TRANSPARENT` |`KC_TRNS`, `_______` |Use the next lowest non-transparent key|*N/A* |*N/A* |*N/A* |
|`KC_A` | |`a` and `A` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_B` | |`b` and `B` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_C` | |`c` and `C` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_D` | |`d` and `D` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_E` | |`e` and `E` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F` | |`f` and `F` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_G` | |`g` and `G` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_H` | |`h` and `H` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_I` | |`i` and `I` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_J` | |`j` and `J` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_K` | |`k` and `K` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_L` | |`l` and `L` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_M` | |`m` and `M` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_N` | |`n` and `N` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_O` | |`o` and `O` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_P` | |`p` and `P` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_Q` | |`q` and `Q` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_R` | |`r` and `R` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_S` | |`s` and `S` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_T` | |`t` and `T` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_U` | |`u` and `U` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_V` | |`v` and `V` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_W` | |`w` and `W` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_X` | |`x` and `X` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_Y` | |`y` and `Y` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_Z` | |`z` and `Z` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_1` | |`1` and `!` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_2` | |`2` and `@` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_3` | |`3` and `#` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_4` | |`4` and `$` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_5` | |`5` and `%` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_6` | |`6` and `^` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_7` | |`7` and `&` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_8` | |`8` and `*` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_9` | |`9` and `(` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_0` | |`0` and `)` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_ENTER` |`KC_ENT` |Return (Enter) |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_ESCAPE` |`KC_ESC` |Escape |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_BACKSPACE` |`KC_BSPC` |Delete (Backspace) |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_TAB` | |Tab |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_SPACE` |`KC_SPC` |Spacebar |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_MINUS` |`KC_MINS` |`-` and `_` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_EQUAL` |`KC_EQL` |`=` and `+` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_LEFT_BRACKET` |`KC_LBRC` |`[` and `{` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_RIGHT_BRACKET` |`KC_RBRC` |`]` and `}` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_BACKSLASH` |`KC_BSLS` |`\` and `\|` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_NONUS_HASH` |`KC_NUHS` |Non-US `#` and `~` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_SEMICOLON` |`KC_SCLN` |`;` and `:` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_QUOTE` |`KC_QUOT` |`'` and `"` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_GRAVE` |`KC_GRV` |<code>`</code> and `~` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_COMMA` |`KC_COMM` |`,` and `<` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_DOT` | |`.` and `>` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_SLASH` |`KC_SLSH` |`/` and `?` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_CAPS_LOCK` |`KC_CAPS` |Caps Lock |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F1` | |F1 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F2` | |F2 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F3` | |F3 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F4` | |F4 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F5` | |F5 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F6` | |F6 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F7` | |F7 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F8` | |F8 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F9` | |F9 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F10` | |F10 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F11` | |F11 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F12` | |F12 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_PRINT_SCREEN` |`KC_PSCR` |Print Screen |✔ |✔<sup>2</sup>|✔ |
|`KC_SCROLL_LOCK` |`KC_SCRL`, `KC_BRMD` |Scroll Lock, Brightness Down (macOS) |✔ |✔<sup>2</sup>|✔ |
|`KC_PAUSE` |`KC_PAUS`, `KC_BRK`, `KC_BRMU` |Pause, Brightness Up (macOS) |✔ |✔<sup>2</sup>|✔ |
|`KC_INSERT` |`KC_INS` |Insert |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_HOME` | |Home |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_PAGE_UP` |`KC_PGUP` |Page Up |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_DELETE` |`KC_DEL` |Forward Delete |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_END` | |End |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_PAGE_DOWN` |`KC_PGDN` |Page Down |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_RIGHT` |`KC_RGHT` |Right Arrow |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_LEFT` | |Left Arrow |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_DOWN` | |Down Arrow |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_UP` | |Up Arrow |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_NUM_LOCK` |`KC_NUM` |Keypad Num Lock and Clear |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KP_SLASH` |`KC_PSLS` |Keypad `/` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KP_ASTERISK` |`KC_PAST` |Keypad `*` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KP_MINUS` |`KC_PMNS` |Keypad `-` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KP_PLUS` |`KC_PPLS` |Keypad `+` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KP_ENTER` |`KC_PENT` |Keypad Enter |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KP_1` |`KC_P1` |Keypad `1` and End |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KP_2` |`KC_P2` |Keypad `2` and Down Arrow |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KP_3` |`KC_P3` |Keypad `3` and Page Down |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KP_4` |`KC_P4` |Keypad `4` and Left Arrow |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KP_5` |`KC_P5` |Keypad `5` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KP_6` |`KC_P6` |Keypad `6` and Right Arrow |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KP_7` |`KC_P7` |Keypad `7` and Home |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KP_8` |`KC_P8` |Keypad `8` and Up Arrow |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KP_9` |`KC_P9` |Keypad `9` and Page Up |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KP_0` |`KC_P0` |Keypad `0` and Insert |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KP_DOT` |`KC_PDOT` |Keypad `.` and Delete |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_NONUS_BACKSLASH` |`KC_NUBS` |Non-US `\` and `\|` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_APPLICATION` |`KC_APP` |Application (Windows Context Menu Key) |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_KB_POWER` | |System Power | |✔<sup>3</sup>|✔ |
|`KC_KP_EQUAL` |`KC_PEQL` |Keypad `=` |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F13` | |F13 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F14` | |F14 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F15` | |F15 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F16` | |F16 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F17` | |F17 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F18` | |F18 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F19` | |F19 |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_F20` | |F20 |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_F21` | |F21 |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_F22` | |F22 |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_F23` | |F23 |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_F24` | |F24 |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_EXECUTE` |`KC_EXEC` |Execute | | |✔ |
|`KC_HELP` | |Help | | |✔ |
|`KC_MENU` | |Menu | | |✔ |
|`KC_SELECT` |`KC_SLCT` |Select | | |✔ |
|`KC_STOP` | |Stop | | |✔ |
|`KC_AGAIN` |`KC_AGIN` |Again | | |✔ |
|`KC_UNDO` | |Undo | | |✔ |
|`KC_CUT` | |Cut | | |✔ |
|`KC_COPY` | |Copy | | |✔ |
|`KC_PASTE` |`KC_PSTE` |Paste | | |✔ |
|`KC_FIND` | |Find | | |✔ |
|`KC_KB_MUTE` | |Mute | |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KB_VOLUME_UP` | |Volume Up | |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_KB_VOLUME_DOWN` | |Volume Down | |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_LOCKING_CAPS_LOCK` |`KC_LCAP` |Locking Caps Lock |✔ |✔ | |
|`KC_LOCKING_NUM_LOCK` |`KC_LNUM` |Locking Num Lock |✔ |✔ | |
|`KC_LOCKING_SCROLL_LOCK`|`KC_LSCR` |Locking Scroll Lock |✔ |✔ | |
|`KC_KP_COMMA` |`KC_PCMM` |Keypad `,` | | |✔ |
|`KC_KP_EQUAL_AS400` | |Keypad `=` on AS/400 keyboards | | | |
|`KC_INTERNATIONAL_1` |`KC_INT1` |International 1 |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_INTERNATIONAL_2` |`KC_INT2` |International 2 |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_INTERNATIONAL_3` |`KC_INT3` |International 3 |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_INTERNATIONAL_4` |`KC_INT4` |International 4 |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_INTERNATIONAL_5` |`KC_INT5` |International 5 |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_INTERNATIONAL_6` |`KC_INT6` |International 6 | | |✔ |
|`KC_INTERNATIONAL_7` |`KC_INT7` |International 7 | | | |
|`KC_INTERNATIONAL_8` |`KC_INT8` |International 8 | | | |
|`KC_INTERNATIONAL_9` |`KC_INT9` |International 9 | | | |
|`KC_LANGUAGE_1` |`KC_LNG1` |Language 1 | | |✔ |
|`KC_LANGUAGE_2` |`KC_LNG2` |Language 2 | | |✔ |
|`KC_LANGUAGE_3` |`KC_LNG3` |Language 3 | | |✔ |
|`KC_LANGUAGE_4` |`KC_LNG4` |Language 4 | | |✔ |
|`KC_LANGUAGE_5` |`KC_LNG5` |Language 5 | | |✔ |
|`KC_LANGUAGE_6` |`KC_LNG6` |Language 6 | | | |
|`KC_LANGUAGE_7` |`KC_LNG7` |Language 7 | | | |
|`KC_LANGUAGE_8` |`KC_LNG8` |Language 8 | | | |
|`KC_LANGUAGE_9` |`KC_LNG9` |Language 9 | | | |
|`KC_ALTERNATE_ERASE` |`KC_ERAS` |Alternate Erase | | | |
|`KC_SYSTEM_REQUEST` |`KC_SYRQ` |SysReq/Attention | | | |
|`KC_CANCEL` |`KC_CNCL` |Cancel | | | |
|`KC_CLEAR` |`KC_CLR` |Clear | | |✔ |
|`KC_PRIOR` |`KC_PRIR` |Prior | | | |
|`KC_RETURN` |`KC_RETN` |Return | | | |
|`KC_SEPARATOR` |`KC_SEPR` |Separator | | | |
|`KC_OUT` | |Out | | | |
|`KC_OPER` | |Oper | | | |
|`KC_CLEAR_AGAIN` |`KC_CLAG` |Clear/Again | | | |
|`KC_CRSEL` |`KC_CRSL` |CrSel/Props | | | |
|`KC_EXSEL` |`KC_EXSL` |ExSel | | | |
|`KC_LEFT_CTRL` |`KC_LCTL` |Left Control |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_LEFT_SHIFT` |`KC_LSFT` |Left Shift |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_LEFT_ALT` |`KC_LALT`, `KC_LOPT` |Left Alt (Option) |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_LEFT_GUI` |`KC_LGUI`, `KC_LCMD`, `KC_LWIN`|Left GUI (Windows/Command/Meta key) |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_RIGHT_CTRL` |`KC_RCTL` |Right Control |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_RIGHT_SHIFT` |`KC_RSFT` |Right Shift |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_RIGHT_ALT` |`KC_RALT`, `KC_ROPT`, `KC_ALGR`|Right Alt (Option/AltGr) |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_RIGHT_GUI` |`KC_RGUI`, `KC_RCMD`, `KC_RWIN`|Right GUI (Windows/Command/Meta key) |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_SYSTEM_POWER` |`KC_PWR` |System Power Down |✔ |✔<sup>3</sup>|✔ |
|`KC_SYSTEM_SLEEP` |`KC_SLEP` |System Sleep |✔ |✔<sup>3</sup>|✔ |
|`KC_SYSTEM_WAKE` |`KC_WAKE` |System Wake | |✔<sup>3</sup>|✔ |
|`KC_AUDIO_MUTE` |`KC_MUTE` |Mute |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_AUDIO_VOL_UP` |`KC_VOLU` |Volume Up |✔ |✔<sup>4</sup>|✔ |
|`KC_AUDIO_VOL_DOWN` |`KC_VOLD` |Volume Down |✔ |✔<sup>4</sup>|✔ |
|`KC_MEDIA_NEXT_TRACK` |`KC_MNXT` |Next Track |✔ |✔<sup>5</sup>|✔ |
|`KC_MEDIA_PREV_TRACK` |`KC_MPRV` |Previous Track |✔ |✔<sup>5</sup>|✔ |
|`KC_MEDIA_STOP` |`KC_MSTP` |Stop Track |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE` |`KC_MPLY` |Play/Pause Track |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_MEDIA_SELECT` |`KC_MSEL` |Launch Media Player |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_MEDIA_EJECT` |`KC_EJCT` |Eject | |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_MAIL` | |Launch Mail |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_CALCULATOR` |`KC_CALC` |Launch Calculator |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_MY_COMPUTER` |`KC_MYCM` |Launch My Computer |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_WWW_SEARCH` |`KC_WSCH` |Browser Search |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_WWW_HOME` |`KC_WHOM` |Browser Home |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_WWW_BACK` |`KC_WBAK` |Browser Back |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_WWW_FORWARD` |`KC_WFWD` |Browser Forward |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_WWW_STOP` |`KC_WSTP` |Browser Stop |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_WWW_REFRESH` |`KC_WREF` |Browser Refresh |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_WWW_FAVORITES` |`KC_WFAV` |Browser Favorites |✔ | |✔ |
|`KC_MEDIA_FAST_FORWARD` |`KC_MFFD` |Next Track |✔ |✔<sup>5</sup>|✔ |
|`KC_MEDIA_REWIND` |`KC_MRWD` |Previous Track |✔<sup>6</sup>|✔<sup>5</sup>|✔ |
|`KC_BRIGHTNESS_UP` |`KC_BRIU` |Brightness Up |✔ |✔ |✔ |
|`KC_BRIGHTNESS_DOWN` |`KC_BRID` |Brightness Down |✔ |✔ |✔ |
<sup>1. The Linux kernel HID driver recognizes [nearly all keycodes](https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/drivers/hid/hid-input.c), but the default bindings depend on the DE/WM.</sup><br/>
<sup>2. Treated as F13-F15.</sup><br/>
<sup>3. Must be held for about three seconds, and will display a prompt instead.</sup><br/>
<sup>4. Holding Shift+Option allows for finer control of volume level.</sup><br/>
<sup>5. Skips the entire track in iTunes when tapped, seeks within the current track when held.</sup><br/>
<sup>6. WMP does not recognize the Rewind key, but both alter playback speed in VLC.</sup>
## Quantum Keycodes :id=quantum-keycodes
See also: [Quantum Keycodes](quantum_keycodes.md#qmk-keycodes)
|Key |Aliases |Description |
|-----------------|---------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|`QK_BOOTLOADER` |`QK_BOOT`|Put the keyboard into bootloader mode for flashing |
|`QK_DEBUG_TOGGLE`|`DB_TOGG`|Toggle debug mode |
|`QK_CLEAR_EEPROM`|`EE_CLR` |Reinitializes the keyboard's EEPROM (persistent memory) |
|`QK_MAKE` | |Sends `qmk compile -kb (keyboard) -km (keymap)`, or `qmk flash` if shift is held |
## Audio Keys :id=audio-keys
See also: [Audio](feature_audio.md)
|Key |Aliases |Description |
|----------------|---------|----------------------------------|
|`AU_ON` | |Turns on Audio Feature |
|`AU_OFF` | |Turns off Audio Feature |
|`AU_TOG` | |Toggles Audio state |
|`CLICKY_TOGGLE` |`CK_TOGG`|Toggles Audio clicky mode |
|`CLICKY_UP` |`CK_UP` |Increases frequency of the clicks |
|`CLICKY_DOWN` |`CK_DOWN`|Decreases frequency of the clicks |
|`CLICKY_RESET` |`CK_RST` |Resets frequency to default |
|`MU_ON` | |Turns on Music Mode |
|`MU_OFF` | |Turns off Music Mode |
|`MU_TOG` | |Toggles Music Mode |
|`MU_MOD` | |Cycles through the music modes |
## Backlighting :id=backlighting
See also: [Backlighting](feature_backlight.md)
|Key |Description |
|---------|------------------------------------------|
|`BL_TOGG`|Turn the backlight on or off |
|`BL_STEP`|Cycle through backlight levels |
|`BL_ON` |Set the backlight to max brightness |
|`BL_OFF` |Turn the backlight off |
|`BL_INC` |Increase the backlight level |
|`BL_DEC` |Decrease the backlight level |
|`BL_BRTG`|Toggle backlight breathing |
## Bluetooth :id=bluetooth
See also: [Bluetooth](feature_bluetooth.md)
|Key |Description |
|----------|----------------------------------------------|
|`OUT_AUTO`|Automatically switch between USB and Bluetooth|
|`OUT_USB` |USB only |
|`OUT_BT` |Bluetooth only |
## Dynamic Macros :id=dynamic-macros
See also: [Dynamic Macros](feature_dynamic_macros.md)
|Key |Aliases |Description |
|-----------------|---------|--------------------------------------------------|
|`DYN_REC_START1` |`DM_REC1`|Start recording Macro 1 |
|`DYN_REC_START2` |`DM_REC2`|Start recording Macro 2 |
|`DYN_MACRO_PLAY1`|`DM_PLY1`|Replay Macro 1 |
|`DYN_MACRO_PLAY2`|`DM_PLY2`|Replay Macro 2 |
|`DYN_REC_STOP` |`DM_RSTP`|Finish the macro that is currently being recorded.|
## Grave Escape :id=grave-escape
See also: [Grave Escape](feature_grave_esc.md)
|Key |Aliases |Description |
|-----------------|---------|------------------------------------------------------------------|
|`QK_GRAVE_ESCAPE`|`QK_GESC`|Escape when pressed, <code>`</code> when Shift or GUI are held|
## Key Lock :id=key-lock
See also: [Key Lock](feature_key_lock.md)
|Key |Description |
|---------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
|`KC_LOCK`|Hold down the next key pressed, until the key is pressed again|
## Layer Switching :id=layer-switching
See also: [Layer Switching](feature_layers.md#switching-and-toggling-layers)
|Key |Description |
|----------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|`DF(layer)` |Set the base (default) layer |
|`MO(layer)` |Momentarily turn on `layer` when pressed (requires `KC_TRNS` on destination layer)|
|`OSL(layer)` |Momentarily activates `layer` until a key is pressed. See [One Shot Keys](one_shot_keys.md) for details. |
|`LM(layer, mod)`|Momentarily turn on `layer` (like MO) with `mod` active as well. Where `mod` is a mods_bit. Mods can be viewed [here](mod_tap.md). Example Implementation: `LM(LAYER_1, MOD_LALT)`|
|`LT(layer, kc)` |Turn on `layer` when held, `kc` when tapped |
|`TG(layer)` |Toggle `layer` on or off |
|`TO(layer)` |Turns on `layer` and turns off all other layers, except the default layer |
|`TT(layer)` |Normally acts like MO unless it's tapped multiple times, which toggles `layer` on
|