libosmocodec: implement ECU (Error Concealment Unit) for FR

When a bad GSM voice frame is received, it's being replaced
by a silence frame. This may cause unpleasant audio effects.

This change implements a functionality to craft a replacement
frame from the last known good frame. Currently, only FR is
supported, support for other codecs may be added latter.

Change-Id: I06a21f60db01bfe1c2b838f93866fad1d53fdcd1

9 files changed, 535 insertions, 3 deletions

diff --git a/TODO-RELEASE b/TODO-RELEASE
index a5def797..782ba199 100644
--- a/TODO-RELEASE
+++ b/TODO-RELEASE
@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@
 #library	what			description / commit summary line
 core		msgb_queue_free()	add inline func to msgb.h
 coding		gsm0503_rach_ext-encode()	add func to gsm0503_coding.h
+codec		ecu.c / ecu.h			implement ECU for FR (Error Concealment Unit)
diff --git a/include/Makefile.am b/include/Makefile.am
index 09f5ca65..f95d90c7 100644
--- a/include/Makefile.am
+++ b/include/Makefile.am
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 BUILT_SOURCES = osmocom/gsm/gsm0503.h
 
 nobase_include_HEADERS = \
+                       osmocom/codec/ecu.h \
                        osmocom/codec/codec.h \
                        osmocom/codec/gsm610_bits.h \
                        osmocom/core/application.h \
diff --git a/include/osmocom/codec/ecu.h b/include/osmocom/codec/ecu.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f7a29a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/osmocom/codec/ecu.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include <osmocom/codec/codec.h>
+
+/* Codec independent ECU state */
+struct osmo_ecu_fr_state {
+	bool subsequent_lost_frame;
+	uint8_t frame_backup[GSM_FR_BYTES];
+};
+
+void osmo_ecu_fr_reset(struct osmo_ecu_fr_state *state, uint8_t *frame);
+int osmo_ecu_fr_conceal(struct osmo_ecu_fr_state *state, uint8_t *frame);
diff --git a/src/codec/Makefile.am b/src/codec/Makefile.am
index b4df5da7..f77d910b 100644
--- a/src/codec/Makefile.am
+++ b/src/codec/Makefile.am
@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ endif
 
 lib_LTLIBRARIES = libosmocodec.la
 
-libosmocodec_la_SOURCES = gsm610.c gsm620.c gsm660.c gsm690.c
+libosmocodec_la_SOURCES = gsm610.c gsm620.c gsm660.c gsm690.c ecu_fr.c
 libosmocodec_la_LDFLAGS = -version-info $(LIBVERSION) -no-undefined
 libosmocodec_la_LIBADD = $(top_builddir)/src/libosmocore.la
diff --git a/src/codec/ecu_fr.c b/src/codec/ecu_fr.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d4ea741b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/codec/ecu_fr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+/*
+ * (C) 2017 by sysmocom - s.f.m.c. GmbH
+ * (C) 2017 by Philipp Maier <pmaier@sysmocom.de>
+ *
+ * All Rights Reserved
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+ * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include <osmocom/core/bitvec.h>
+
+#include <osmocom/codec/gsm610_bits.h>
+#include <osmocom/codec/codec.h>
+#include <osmocom/codec/ecu.h>
+
+/* See also GSM 06.11, chapter 6 Example solution */
+#define GSM610_XMAXC_REDUCE	4
+#define GSM610_XMAXC_LEN	6
+
+/**
+ * Reduce the XMAXC field. When the XMAXC field reaches
+ * zero the function will return true.
+ */
+static bool reduce_xmaxcr(struct bitvec *frame_bitvec,
+	const unsigned int index)
+{
+	unsigned int field_index;
+	uint64_t field;
+
+	field_index = index;
+	field = bitvec_read_field(frame_bitvec, &field_index, GSM610_XMAXC_LEN);
+	if (field > GSM610_XMAXC_REDUCE)
+		field -= GSM610_XMAXC_REDUCE;
+	else
+		field = 0;
+
+	field_index = index;
+	bitvec_write_field(frame_bitvec, &field_index, field, GSM610_XMAXC_LEN);
+
+	return field == 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reduce all XMAXC fields in the frame. When all XMAXC fields
+ * reach zero, then the function will return true.
+ */
+static bool reduce_xmaxcr_all(struct bitvec *frame_bitvec)
+{
+	bool silent = false;
+
+	if (reduce_xmaxcr(frame_bitvec, GSM610_RTP_XMAXC00))
+		silent = true;
+	if (reduce_xmaxcr(frame_bitvec, GSM610_RTP_XMAXC10))
+		silent = true;
+	if (reduce_xmaxcr(frame_bitvec, GSM610_RTP_XMAXC20))
+		silent = true;
+	if (reduce_xmaxcr(frame_bitvec, GSM610_RTP_XMAXC30))
+		silent = true;
+
+	return silent;
+}
+
+/* Use certain modifications to conceal the errors in a full rate frame */
+static int conceal_frame(uint8_t *frame)
+{
+	struct bitvec *frame_bitvec;
+	unsigned int len;
+	bool silent;
+	int rc = 0;
+
+	/* In case we already deal with a silent frame,
+	 * there is nothing to, we just abort immediately */
+	if (osmo_fr_check_sid(frame, GSM_FR_BYTES))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Attempt to allocate memory for bitvec */
+	frame_bitvec = bitvec_alloc(GSM_FR_BYTES, NULL);
+	if (!frame_bitvec)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* Convert a frame to bitvec */
+	len = bitvec_unpack(frame_bitvec, frame);
+	if (len != GSM_FR_BYTES) {
+		rc = -EIO;
+		goto leave;
+	}
+
+	/* Fudge frame parameters */
+	silent = reduce_xmaxcr_all(frame_bitvec);
+
+	/* If we reached silence level, mute the frame
+	 * completely, this also means that we can
+	 * save the bitvec_pack operation */
+	if (silent) {
+		memset(frame, 0x00, GSM_FR_BYTES);
+		frame[0] = 0xd0;
+		goto leave;
+	}
+
+	/* Convert back to packed byte form */
+	len = bitvec_pack(frame_bitvec, frame);
+	if (len != GSM_FR_BYTES) {
+		rc = -EIO;
+		goto leave;
+	}
+
+leave:
+	bitvec_free(frame_bitvec);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+/**
+ * To be called when a good frame is received.
+ * This function will then create a backup of the frame
+ * and reset the internal state.
+ */
+void osmo_ecu_fr_reset(struct osmo_ecu_fr_state *state, uint8_t *frame)
+{
+	state->subsequent_lost_frame = false;
+	memcpy(state->frame_backup, frame, GSM_FR_BYTES);
+}
+
+/**
+ * To be called when a bad frame is received.
+ * This function will then generate a replacement frame
+ * that can be used to conceal the dropout.
+ */
+int osmo_ecu_fr_conceal(struct osmo_ecu_fr_state *state, uint8_t *frame)
+{
+	int rc;
+
+	/* For subsequent frames we run the error concealment
+	 * functions on the backed up frame before we restore
+	 * the backup */
+	if (state->subsequent_lost_frame) {
+		rc = conceal_frame(state->frame_backup);
+		if (rc)
+			return rc;
+	}
+
+	/* Restore the backed up frame and set flag in case
+	 * we receive even more bad frames */
+	memcpy(frame, state->frame_backup, GSM_FR_BYTES);
+	state->subsequent_lost_frame = true;
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/tests/Makefile.am b/tests/Makefile.am
index 78542b2a..877a302d 100644
--- a/tests/Makefile.am
+++ b/tests/Makefile.am
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ check_PROGRAMS = timer/timer_test sms/sms_test ussd/ussd_test		\
 		 write_queue/wqueue_test socket/socket_test		\
 		 coding/coding_test conv/conv_gsm0503_test		\
 		 abis/abis_test endian/endian_test sercomm/sercomm_test	\
-		 stats/stats_test prbs/prbs_test gsm23003/gsm23003_test
+		 stats/stats_test prbs/prbs_test gsm23003/gsm23003_test \
+		 codec/codec_ecu_fr_test
 
 if ENABLE_MSGFILE
 check_PROGRAMS += msgfile/msgfile_test
@@ -136,6 +137,9 @@ fr_fr_test_LDADD = $(LDADD) $(top_builddir)/src/gb/libosmogb.la $(LIBRARY_DL) \
 codec_codec_test_SOURCES = codec/codec_test.c
 codec_codec_test_LDADD = $(LDADD) $(top_builddir)/src/codec/libosmocodec.la
 
+codec_codec_ecu_fr_test_SOURCES = codec/codec_ecu_fr_test.c
+codec_codec_ecu_fr_test_LDADD = $(LDADD) $(top_builddir)/src/codec/libosmocodec.la
+
 loggingrb_loggingrb_test_SOURCES = loggingrb/loggingrb_test.c
 loggingrb_loggingrb_test_LDADD = $(LDADD)
 
@@ -205,11 +209,13 @@ EXTRA_DIST = testsuite.at $(srcdir)/package.m4 $(TESTSUITE)		\
              gsm0808/gsm0808_test.ok gb/bssgp_fc_tests.err		\
              gb/bssgp_fc_tests.ok gb/bssgp_fc_tests.sh			\
              gb/gprs_bssgp_test.ok gb/gprs_ns_test.ok gea/gea_test.ok	\
-             gprs/gprs_test.ok kasumi/kasumi_test.ok codec/codec_test.ok \
+             gprs/gprs_test.ok kasumi/kasumi_test.ok			\
              msgfile/msgfile_test.ok msgfile/msgconfig.cfg		\
              logging/logging_test.ok logging/logging_test.err		\
              fr/fr_test.ok loggingrb/logging_test.ok			\
              loggingrb/logging_test.err	strrb/strrb_test.ok		\
+             codec/codec_test.ok \
+             codec/codec_ecu_fr_test.ok \
 	     vty/vty_test.ok \
 	     vty/fail_not_de-indented.cfg \
 	     vty/fail_tabs_and_spaces.cfg \
diff --git a/tests/codec/codec_ecu_fr_test.c b/tests/codec/codec_ecu_fr_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0fdc489d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/codec/codec_ecu_fr_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <osmocom/core/bitvec.h>
+#include <osmocom/core/utils.h>
+
+#include <osmocom/codec/codec.h>
+#include <osmocom/codec/ecu.h>
+
+/* Set with sample full-rate voice frames and some intentional dropouts */
+static const char *fr_frames_hex[] = {
+	"d9aa93ae63de00471a91b95b8660471392b4a2daa037628f391c624039258dc723",
+	"d8eb83699a66c036ec89b7246e6034dc8d48948620589b7256e3a6603b2371b8da",
+	"d967abaa1cbe4035238da6ace4c036d46ec69ba600391c4eb8a2b040591c6a3924",
+	"d8e8a42662c240472469b91bd2e0452291b6dba600495b8e38dcb020491a71c91b",
+	"da2aac1ddbb00036e46e26dcec6039138db923822047137248e3560048e38dc8e3",
+	"d929ab2a9b5240395b6dc72ba020469c8d551c5440349c9148e36a4036a372471b",
+	"d9eb93215bb8a0271c69c724682036db71c71a94a0372491b72bee4044eb71b923",
+	"d9ab9aa19abc40391b6e5ae2ee40471b91c6dbe820492291b8e4b84036e47238db",
+	"d96b9be9db782044e371b55cb200389491c69b8ea034e271c8d3808038ec6db8e3",
+	"d9aa9365e3f060375c6db6ebc4c02764b1c51b78a0571c91a723de6049248dc8dd",
+	"BAD",
+	"d9ea9c219ce60046e38d3724e0c034e56e36eb7e0038d471b8dcb260491b8dbb23",
+	"d9e89be9d9e0a0391b6dd6a4624029247138e3a2a04713922524de0036db69d91c",
+	"d9699422a2b6a048dd90c91c6a802b6259395c8880575b4a58e4ac20269d7248d4",
+	"d967ac5b1baae0371c71b8ab9c804a9e8e58a55a8038626ec8dcb640395c7244dc",
+	"d9e8a3e262e68027638db52b88a038634e471a7ec049136e3b1bc8402923adcad2",
+	"d8eab36e1bbe0046e34d491b608035137658d3524044e48e375cdac0472b9238d4",
+	"d9689ba5e3d260491b516adb5e4027256e27227ee0351c8e549a5c60492471971b",
+	"BAD",
+	"BAD",
+	"d8e6a2e1d3d2605b1376c8d35280392451391cbc80392a71b6db8aa049238dc8ab",
+	"d9a87ba1a3982048eb8a471cac00472b4e391bbc40292489b71cc200495b8d3ae3",
+	"d9278b2a1ba4c0475b8dc722d6e0491b5228da70204ae36dc71d94a056a29236e3",
+	"d9ec9be2129520392335598c50c04b5bad3d4ba680789b69df5a5aa0469cd1b4da",
+	"d8ea932623e660669b8e4a9dd8a03aa32a76e466e028d396cc9bbe4047256dc8e5",
+	"d96a94215aa0403aab713f22e8e024e68db91ab6a027abd1a55b6e804aec9146e4",
+	"d867ac21e270a0350d6ac91a724037247246d2a6c0396c89d6dc562049244e48d5",
+	"d8a9b460d3b48026a4ad471b7c20452491b69bbc803ae48db722ee00292491a8db",
+	"d928a3e1d3b24036e37244abf02047634d371b74c047637148a29ac03b234e38e3",
+	"d9ab9b21d2e0c0471c693aec54e044dbae46dc7c20391badb724ee8038e469bb15",
+	"d9a99361a276403b1a6ad6dcd40026e489c8e3bc40371c4dc564e2c036e28eb963",
+	"BAD",
+	"BAD",
+	"BAD",
+	"BAD",
+	"BAD",
+	"BAD",
+	"d92c8b6d5aee4034ebb22724862047145634a5c0a038e371b8e4a880485c89dd25",
+	"d8e78b29e3c6c038dba9d91beca04723ad491cda80471471b6ec7ae03b1396b91b",
+	"d8a78b25e37a0022dd8a46dc68a0351bad391bde2046e56dd8dc96c038e396d89b",
+	"d8a88c255ab6e038e38e48dbde8038ad8dc8db8ec0376372b564b44038e49234dc",
+	"d9708ce6a39ce049646646a2c1a0272496b29a66c037db562863ace0795b55b2e3",
+	"d8ee9bea5ae4003ae371b713eae05adc91995a5ea064dcc9571e786026ed51c52c",
+	"d9299421d2944036ed69b8e572a048e36d551cd480571d4ec95be680356c69c763",
+	"d92aab696190c046e26e392cae0026a376a8dc662048d291b75b54c04ad3ae3b1b",
+	"d8e7a469627a6038e289cb1baca0569b8db6dddec026dc8e38e5dc803722722d23",
+	"d8a88c299b64c03a548a58e37420272c6dd76b92c0471c9236dbc0e0551c71c713",
+	"BAD",
+	"d7299c19a3be8024e58ea7a49f20a522963ad976e0a76ecd92b38500cb62aa4c94",
+	"d7eb6c6262eee02b2c42e79a60a0aa55aed68a7f00ad358e10fad960e55a39396d",
+	"d970858dd2ab61d91355ebc15ca1a6a7ca48a05cc0dae66f2523c2a1bad3825daa",
+	"d8f0844a23ad20da50d6de025e81c37392b9039cc0c764c1bd1e94c1b699736a98",
+	"d9708ce6a39ce049646646a2c1a0272496b29a66c037db562863ace0795b55b2e3",
+	"d9299421d2944036ed69b8e572a048e36d551cd480571d4ec95be680356c69c763",
+	"d9299421d2944036ed69b8e572a048e36d551cd480571d4ec95be680356c69c763",
+	"d9299421d2944036ed69b8e572a048e36d551cd480571d4ec95be680356c69c763",
+	"d2577a1cda50004924924924500049249249245000492492492450004923924924",
+	NULL
+};
+
+/* Example of a good frame */
+static const char *sample_frame_hex = \
+	"d9ec9be212901f802335598c501f805bad3d4ba01f809b69df5a501f809cd1b4da";
+
+/**
+ * Start with a good voice frame and then simulate 20 consecutive bad frames,
+ * watching how the error concealment decreases the XMAXC parameters.
+ */
+void test_fr_concealment(void)
+{
+	struct osmo_ecu_fr_state state;
+	uint8_t frame[GSM_FR_BYTES];
+	int i, rc;
+
+	/* Parse frame from string to hex */
+	osmo_hexparse(sample_frame_hex, frame, GSM_FR_BYTES);
+
+	printf("Start with: %s\n", sample_frame_hex);
+
+	/* Reset the ECU with the proposed known good frame */
+	osmo_ecu_fr_reset(&state, frame);
+
+	/* Now pretend that we do not receive any good frames anymore */
+	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
+		rc = osmo_ecu_fr_conceal(&state, frame);
+		OSMO_ASSERT(rc == 0);
+
+		printf("conceal: %02i, result: %s\n",
+			i, osmo_hexdump_nospc(frame, GSM_FR_BYTES));
+	}
+}
+
+/* Simulate a real life situation: voice frames with a few dropouts */
+void test_fr_concealment_realistic()
+{
+	struct osmo_ecu_fr_state state;
+	uint8_t frame[GSM_FR_BYTES];
+	unsigned int frame_len;
+	int rc, i = 0;
+
+	while (fr_frames_hex[i] != NULL) {
+		/* Debug print */
+		printf("Frame No. %03i:\n", i);
+
+		/* Good or bad frame? */
+		frame_len = strlen(fr_frames_hex[i]) / 2;
+		if (frame_len == GSM_FR_BYTES) {
+			printf(" * input:  %s\n", fr_frames_hex[i]);
+			osmo_hexparse(fr_frames_hex[i], frame, GSM_FR_BYTES);
+			osmo_ecu_fr_reset(&state, frame);
+		} else {
+			printf(" * input:  (bad)\n");
+			memset(frame, 0x00, GSM_FR_BYTES);
+			rc = osmo_ecu_fr_conceal(&state, frame);
+			OSMO_ASSERT(rc == 0);
+		}
+
+		/* Print result */
+		printf(" * output: %s\n",
+			osmo_hexdump_nospc(frame, GSM_FR_BYTES));
+
+		/* Go to the next frame */
+		i++;
+	}
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	/* Perform actual tests */
+	test_fr_concealment();
+	test_fr_concealment_realistic();
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/tests/codec/codec_ecu_fr_test.ok b/tests/codec/codec_ecu_fr_test.ok
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e200994
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/codec/codec_ecu_fr_test.ok
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+Start with: d9ec9be212901f802335598c501f805bad3d4ba01f809b69df5a501f809cd1b4da
+conceal: 00, result: d9ec9be212901f802335598c501f805bad3d4ba01f809b69df5a501f809cd1b4da
+conceal: 01, result: d9ec9be212901d802335598c501d805bad3d4ba01d809b69df5a501d809cd1b4da
+conceal: 02, result: d9ec9be212901b802335598c501b805bad3d4ba01b809b69df5a501b809cd1b4da
+conceal: 03, result: d9ec9be2129019802335598c5019805bad3d4ba019809b69df5a5019809cd1b4da
+conceal: 04, result: d9ec9be2129017802335598c5017805bad3d4ba017809b69df5a5017809cd1b4da
+conceal: 05, result: d9ec9be2129015802335598c5015805bad3d4ba015809b69df5a5015809cd1b4da
+conceal: 06, result: d9ec9be2129013802335598c5013805bad3d4ba013809b69df5a5013809cd1b4da
+conceal: 07, result: d9ec9be2129011802335598c5011805bad3d4ba011809b69df5a5011809cd1b4da
+conceal: 08, result: d9ec9be212900f802335598c500f805bad3d4ba00f809b69df5a500f809cd1b4da
+conceal: 09, result: d9ec9be212900d802335598c500d805bad3d4ba00d809b69df5a500d809cd1b4da
+conceal: 10, result: d9ec9be212900b802335598c500b805bad3d4ba00b809b69df5a500b809cd1b4da
+conceal: 11, result: d9ec9be2129009802335598c5009805bad3d4ba009809b69df5a5009809cd1b4da
+conceal: 12, result: d9ec9be2129007802335598c5007805bad3d4ba007809b69df5a5007809cd1b4da
+conceal: 13, result: d9ec9be2129005802335598c5005805bad3d4ba005809b69df5a5005809cd1b4da
+conceal: 14, result: d9ec9be2129003802335598c5003805bad3d4ba003809b69df5a5003809cd1b4da
+conceal: 15, result: d9ec9be2129001802335598c5001805bad3d4ba001809b69df5a5001809cd1b4da
+conceal: 16, result: d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+conceal: 17, result: d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+conceal: 18, result: d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+conceal: 19, result: d00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+Frame No. 000:
+ * input:  d9aa93ae63de00471a91b95b8660471392b4a2daa037628f391c624039258dc723
+ * output: d9aa93ae63de00471a91b95b8660471392b4a2daa037628f391c624039258dc723
+Frame No. 001:
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diff --git a/tests/testsuite.at b/tests/testsuite.at
index 81730ee2..0ec852cc 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite.at
+++ b/tests/testsuite.at
@@ -157,6 +157,12 @@ cat $abs_srcdir/codec/codec_test.ok > expout
 AT_CHECK([$abs_top_builddir/tests/codec/codec_test], [0], [expout], [ignore])
 AT_CLEANUP
 
+AT_SETUP([codec_ecu_fr])
+AT_KEYWORDS([codec_ecu_fr])
+cat $abs_srcdir/codec/codec_ecu_fr_test.ok > expout
+AT_CHECK([$abs_top_builddir/tests/codec/codec_ecu_fr_test], [0], [expout], [ignore])
+AT_CLEANUP
+
 AT_SETUP([fr])
 AT_KEYWORDS([fr])
 cat $abs_srcdir/fr/fr_test.ok > expout