--- title: TabFS meta: | --- [TabFS](https://github.com/osnr/TabFS) is a browser extension that mounts your browser tabs as a filesystem on your computer. Out of the box, it supports Chrome and (to a lesser extent[^firefox]) Firefox, on macOS and Linux.[^otherbrowsers] (**update**: You can now **[sponsor further development of TabFS](https://github.com/sponsors/osnr)** and help to turn it from an experiment into something really reliable and useful!) [^firefox]: because of the absence of the [chrome.debugger API for extensions](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/extensions/reference/debugger/). With a bit more plumbing, you could maybe find a way to connect it to the remote debugging protocol in Firefox and other browsers and get that second level of functionality that is currently Chrome-only. [^otherbrowsers]: plus some related browsers and platforms: it also supports [Brave](https://github.com/osnr/TabFS/issues/30), Vivaldi, FreeBSD, etc. It could probably be made to work on other browsers like [Safari](https://github.com/osnr/TabFS/issues/6) that support the WebExtensions API, and [on Windows using Dokan or WinFUSE/WSL stuff (?)](https://github.com/osnr/TabFS/issues/13), but I haven't looked into that yet. Each of your open tabs is mapped to a folder.

I have 3 tabs open, and they map to 3 folders in TabFS

The files inside a tab's folder directly reflect (and can control) the state of that tab in your browser. (TODO: update as I add more)

Example: the url.txt, text.txt, and title.txt files inside a tab's folder, which tell me those live properties for that tab

This gives you a _ton_ of power, because now you can apply [all the existing tools](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1018570020324962305) on your computer that already know how to deal with files -- terminal commands, scripting languages, point-and-click explorers, etc -- and use them to control and communicate with your browser. Now you don't need to [code up a browser extension from scratch](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1261392522485526528) every time you want to do anything. You can write a script that talks to your browser in, like, a melange of Python and bash, and you can save it as [a single ordinary file](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1308588645872435202) that you can run whenever, and it's no different from scripting any other part of your computer. ### table of contents {{< table_of_contents >}} ## Examples of stuff you can do![^examples] [^examples]: maybe some of these feel a little more vital and fleshed-out and urgent than others. the things I actually wanted to do and reached for vs. the things that satisfy some pedagogical property (simple to explain, stack on top of the previous example, ...) (assuming your current directory is the `fs` subdirectory of the git repo and you have the extension running) ### List the titles of all the tabs you have open ``` $ cat mnt/tabs/by-id/*/title.txt GitHub Extensions TabFS/install.sh at master ยท osnr/TabFS Alternative Extension Distribution Options - Google Chrome Web Store Hosting and Updating - Google Chrome Home / Twitter ... ``` ### Cull tabs like any other files

Selecting and deleting a bunch of tabs in my file manager

I'm using Dired in Emacs here, but you could use whatever tools you already feel comfortable managing your files with. ### Close all Stack Overflow tabs ``` $ rm mnt/tabs/by-title/*Stack_Overflow* ``` or (older / more explicit) ``` $ echo remove | tee -a mnt/tabs/by-title/*Stack_Overflow*/control ``` #### btw (this task, removing all tabs whose titles contain some string, is a little contrived, but it's not that unrealistic, right?) (now... how would you do this _without_ TabFS? I honestly have no idea, off the top of my head. like, how do you even get the titles of tabs? how do you tell the browser to close them?) (I looked up the APIs, and, OK, if you're already in a browser extension, in a 'background script' inside the extension, _and_ your extension has the `tabs` permission -- this already requires you to make 2 separate files and hop between your browser and your text editor to set it all up! -- you can do [this](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/extensions/reference/tabs/#method-query): `chrome.tabs.query({}, tabs => chrome.tabs.remove(tabs.filter(tab => tab.title.includes('Stack Overflow')).map(tab => tab.id)))`) (not _terrible_, but look at all that upfront overhead to get it set up. and it's not all that discoverable. and what if you want to reuse this later, or plug it into some larger pipeline of tools on your computer, or give it a visual interface? the jump in complexity once you need to communicate with anything -- possibly setting up a WebSocket, setting up handlers and a state machine -- is pretty horrifying) (but to be honest, I wouldn't even have conceived of this as a thing I could do in the first place) ### Save text of all tabs to a file ``` $ cat mnt/tabs/by-id/*/text.txt > text-of-all-tabs.txt ``` ### Run script ``` $ echo 'document.body.style.background = "green"' > mnt/tabs/last-focused/execute-script $ echo 'alert("hi!")' > mnt/tabs/last-focused/execute-script ``` ### Get images / scripts / other resource files from page (TODO: [document better](https://github.com/osnr/TabFS/issues/5), put in screenshots) The [`debugger/` subdirectory](https://github.com/osnr/TabFS/blob/fef9289e3a7f82cda6319d5f19d5a5f13f3cc44b/extension/background.js#L355) in each tab folder has synthetic files that let you access loaded resources (in `debugger/resources/`) and scripts (in `debugger/scripts/`). Images will show up as actual PNG or JPEG files, scripts as actual JS files, and so on. (this is experimental.) (TODO: edit the images in place? you can already kinda edit the scripts in place) ### Retrieve what's playing on YouTube Music: [youtube-music-tabfs](https://github.com/junhoyeo/youtube-music-tabfs) [thanks](https://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/kok4dw/tabfs_mount_your_browser_tabs_as_a_filesystem/ghtbgw1/) to [Junho Yeo](https://github.com/junhoyeo)! ### Reload an extension when you edit its source code Suppose you're working on a Chrome extension (apart from this one). It's a pain to reload the extension (and possibly affected Web pages) every time you change its code. There's a [Stack Overflow post](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2963260/how-do-i-auto-reload-a-chrome-extension-im-developing) with ways to automate this, but they're all sort of hacky. You need yet another extension, or you need to tack weird permissions onto your work-in-progress extension, and you don't just get a command you can trigger from your editor or shell to refresh the extension. TabFS lets you do all this in [an ordinary shell script](https://github.com/osnr/playgroundize-devtools-protocol/blob/main/go.sh). You don't have to write any browser-side code at all. This script turns an extension (this one's title is "Playgroundize DevTools Protocol") off, then turns it back on, then reloads any tabs that have the relevant pages open (in this case, I decided it's tabs whose titles start with "Chrome Dev"): ``` #!/bin/bash -eux echo false > mnt/extensions/Playg*/enabled echo true > mnt/extensions/Playg*/enabled echo reload | tee mnt/tabs/by-title/Chrome_Dev*/control ``` I mapped this script to Ctrl-. in my text editor, and now I just hit that every time I want to reload my extension code. ### TODO: Live edit a running Web page edit `page.html` in the tab folder. I guess it could just stomp outerHTML at first, eventually could do something more sophisticated then you can use your existing text editor! and you'll always know that if the file saved, then it's up to date in the browser. no flaky watcher that you're not sure if it's working (it would be cool to have a persistent storage story here also. I like the idea of being able to put arbitrary files anywhere in the subtree, actually, because then you could use git and emacs autosave and stuff for free... hmm) ### TODO: Watch expressions ``` $ touch mnt/tabs/last-focused/watches/window.scrollY ``` Now you can `cat window.scrollY` and see where you are scrolled on the page at any time. Could make an [ad-hoc dashboard](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1080878682275803137) around a Web page: a bunch of terminal windows floating around your screen, each sitting in a loop and using `cat` to monitor a different variable. ### TODO: Import data (JSON? XLS? JS?) drag a JSON file `foo.json` into the `imports` subfolder of the tab and it shows up as the object `imports.foo` in JS. (modify `imports.foo` in JS and then read `imports/foo.json` and you read the changes back?) import a plotting library or whatever the same way? dragging `plotlib.js` into `imports/plotlib.js` and then calling `imports.plotlib()` to invoke that JS file the browser has a lot of potential power as an interactive programming environment, one where graphics come [as naturally](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1295828978477932544) as console I/O do in most programming languages. i think something that holds it back that is underexplored is lack of ability to just... drag files in and manage them with decent tools. many Web-based 'IDEs' have to reinvent file management, etc from scratch, and it's like a separate universe from the rest of your computer, and migrating between one and the other is a real pain (if you want to use some Python library to munge some data and then have a Web-based visualization of it, for instance, or if you want to version files inside it, or make snapshots so you [feel comfortable](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1288725175895068673) trying stuff, etc). (what would the persistent storage story here be? localStorage? it's interesting because I almost want each tab to be [less of a commodity](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1344753559007420416), less [disposable](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1270192308772691968), since now it's the site I'm dragging stuff to and it might have some persistent state attached. like, if I'm programming and editing stuff and saving inside a tab's folder, that tab suddenly really [matters](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1251863115022491653); I want it to survive as long as a normal file would, unlike most browser tabs today) (the combination of these last 3 TODOs may be a very powerful, open, dynamic, flexible programming environment where you can bring whatever external tools you want to bear, everything is live in your browser, you never need to restart...) ## Setup **disclaimer**: this extension is an experiment. I think it's cool and useful and provocative, and I usually leave it on, but I make no promises about functionality or, especially, security. applications may freeze, your browser may freeze, there may be ways for Web pages to use the extension to escape and hurt your computer ... In some sense, the [whole point](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1338932056743546880) of this extension is to create a gigantic new surface area of communication between stuff inside your browser and software on the rest of your computer. (The installation process is pretty involved right now. I'd like to simplify it, but I also don't want a seamless installation process that does a bad job of managing people's expectations. And it's important to me that users [feel comfortable](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1345113873792126976) looking at [how TabFS works](#design) -- it's pretty much just two files! -- and that they can mess around with it; it shouldn't be a black box.) Before doing anything, clone [this repository](https://github.com/osnr/TabFS): ``` $ git clone https://github.com/osnr/TabFS.git ``` First, install the browser extension. Then, install the C filesystem. ### 1. Install the browser extension #### in Chrome, Chromium, and related browsers (including Brave and Vivaldi) Go to the [Chrome extensions page](chrome://extensions). Enable Developer mode (top-right corner). Load-unpacked the `extension/` folder in this repo. **Make a note of the extension ID Chrome assigns.** Mine is `jimpolemfaeckpjijgapgkmolankohgj`. We'll use this later. #### in Firefox You'll need to install as a "temporary extension", so it'll only last in your current FF session. (If you want to install permanently, see [this issue](https://github.com/osnr/TabFS/issues/4#issuecomment-753447380).) Go to [about:debugging#/runtime/this-firefox](about:debugging#/runtime/this-firefox). Load Temporary Add-on... Choose manifest.json in the extension subfolder of this repo. ### 2. Install the C filesystem First, make sure you have FUSE and FUSE headers. On Linux, for example, `sudo apt install libfuse-dev` or equivalent. On macOS, get [macFUSE](https://osxfuse.github.io/). (on macOS, also see [this -bug](https://github.com/osnr/TabFS/issues/11) -- TODO work out the best path to explain here) Then compile the C filesystem: ``` $ cd fs $ mkdir mnt $ make ``` (GNU Make is required, so use gmake on FreeBSD) Now install the native messaging host into your browser, so the extension can launch and talk to the filesystem: #### Chrome, Chromium, and related browsers Substitute the extension ID you copied earlier for `jimpolemfaeckpjijgapgkmolankohgj` in the command below. ``` $ ./install.sh chrome jimpolemfaeckpjijgapgkmolankohgj ``` (For Chromium, say `chromium` instead of `chrome`. For Vivaldi, say `vivaldi` instead. For Brave, say `chrome`. You can look at the contents of [install.sh](https://github.com/osnr/TabFS/blob/master/install.sh) for the latest on browser and OS support.) #### Firefox ``` $ ./install.sh firefox ``` ### 3. Ready! Go back to `chrome://extensions` or `about:debugging#/runtime/this-firefox` and reload the extension. Now your browser tabs should be mounted in `fs/mnt`! Open the background page inspector to see the filesystem operations stream in. (in Chrome, click "background page" next to "Inspect views" in the extension's entry in the Chrome extensions page; in Firefox, click "Inspect")
This console is also incredibly helpful for debugging anything that goes wrong, which probably will happen. (If you get a generic I/O error at the shell when running a command on TabFS, that probably means that an exception happened which you can check here.) (My OS and applications are pretty chatty. They do a lot of operations, even when I don't feel like I'm actually doing anything. My sense is that macOS is generally chattier than Linux.) ## Design - `fs/`: Native FUSE filesystem, written in C - [`tabfs.c`](https://github.com/osnr/TabFS/tree/master/fs/tabfs.c): Talks to FUSE, implements fs operations, talks to extension. I rarely have to change this file; it essentially is just a stub that forwards everything to the browser extension. - `extension/`: Browser extension, written in JS - [`background.js`](https://github.com/osnr/TabFS/tree/master/extension/background.js): **The most interesting file**. Defines all the synthetic files and what browser operations they invoke behind the scenes.[^frustrates] [^frustrates]: it frustrates me that I can't show you, like, a table of contents for this source file. because it does have a structure to it! so I feel like the UI for looking at this one file should be [custom-tailored](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1262956983222591488) to [highlight](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1262957486262214657) and exploit that structure. (I wonder what other cases like this are out there, where ad hoc UI for one file would be useful. like if you have tangled-but-regular business logic, or the giant opcode switch statement of an emulator or interpreter.) I want to link you to a particular route and talk about it here and also have some kind of transclusion (without the horrifying mess of making a lot of tiny separate files). I want to use typesetting and whitespace to set each route in that file apart, and set them as a whole apart from the utility functions & default implementations & networking. My understanding is that when you, for example, `cat mnt/tabs/by-id/6377/title.txt` in the tab filesystem: 1. `cat` on your computer does a system call `open()` down into macOS or Linux, 2. macOS/Linux sees that this path is part of a FUSE filesystem, so it forwards the `open()` to the FUSE kernel module, 3. FUSE forwards it to the `tabfs_open` implementation in our userspace filesystem in `fs/tabfs.c`, 4. then `tabfs_open` rephrases the request as a JSON string and forwards it to our browser extension over stdout (['native messaging'](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/apps/nativeMessaging/)), 6. our browser extension in `extension/background.js` gets the incoming message; it triggers the route for `/tabs/by-id/*/title.txt`, which calls the browser extension API `browser.tabs.get` to get the data about tab ID `6377`, including its title, 7. so when `cat` does `read()` later, the title can get sent back in a JSON native message to `tabfs.c` and finally back to FUSE and the kernel and `cat`. (very little actual work happened here, tbh. it's all just marshalling) TODO: make diagrams? ## License GPLv3 ## Sponsors Thanks to [all the project sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/osnr). Special thanks to: ## things that could/should be done (maybe you can do these? lots of people are [already pitching in on GitHub](https://github.com/osnr/TabFS); I wish it was easier for me to keep up listing them all here!) - [add more synthetic files!! (it's just JavaScript)](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1345113873792126976) view DOM nodes, snapshot current HTML of page, spelunk into living objects. see what your code is doing. make more files writable also - build more (GUI and CLI) tools on top, on both sides - more persistence stuff. as I said earlier, it would also be cool if you could put arbitrary files in the subtrees, so .git, Mac extended attrs, editor temp files, etc all work. make it able to behave like a 'real' filesystem. also as I said earlier, some weirdness in the fact that tabs are so disposable; they have a very different lifecycle from most parts of my real filesystem. how to nudge that? - why can't Preview open images? GUI programs often struggle with the filesystem for some reason. CLI more reliable - ~~multithreading. the key constraint is that I pass `-s` to `fuse_main` in `tabfs.c`, which makes everything single-threaded. but I'm not clear on how much it would improve performance? maybe a lot, but not sure. maybe workload-dependent?~~ ~~the extension itself (and the stdin/stdout comm between the fs and the extension) would still be single-threaded, but you could interleave requests since most of that stuff is async. like the screenshot request that takes like half a second, you could do other stuff while waiting for the browser to get back to you on that (?)~~ *update: [we are multithreaded](https://github.com/osnr/TabFS/pull/29) now, thanks to [huglovefan](https://github.com/huglovefan)!* another issue is that _applications_ tend to hang if any individual request hangs anyway; they're not expecting the filesystem to be so slow (and to be fair to them, they really have [no way](https://twitter.com/whitequark/status/1133905587819941888) to). some of these problems may be inevitable for any FUSE filesystem, even ones you'd assume are reasonably battle-tested and well-engineered like sshfs? - other performance stuff -- remembering when we're already attached to things, reference counting, minimizing browser roundtrips. not sure impact of these - TypeScript (how to do with the minimum amount of build system and package manager nonsense?) (now realizing that if I had gone with TypeScript, I would then have to ask people to install npm and webpack and the TS compiler and whatever just to get this running. really, really glad I didn't.) maybe we can just do dynamic type checking at the fs op call boundaries? - [look into support for Firefox / Windows / Safari / etc.](https://github.com/osnr/TabFS/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Aport) best FUSE equiv for Windows? can you bridge to the remote debugging APIs that all of them already have to get the augmented functionality? or just implement it all with JS monkey patching? - window management. tab management where you can move tabs. 'merge all windows'. [history management](https://anildash.com/2021/01/03/keeping-tabs-on-your-abstractions/) ## hmm - [Processes as Files (1984)](https://lucasvr.gobolinux.org/etc/Killian84-Procfs-USENIX.pdf), [Julia Evans /proc comic](https://drawings.jvns.ca/proc/) lay out the original `/proc` filesystem. it's very cool! very elegant in how it reapplies the existing interface of files to the new domain of Unix processes. but how much do I care about Unix processes now? most [programs](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1176587656915849218) that I care about running on my computer these days are Web pages, [not Unix processes](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1076229968017772544). so I want to take the approach of `/proc` -- 'expose the stuff you care about as a filesystem' -- and apply it to something [modern](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1251342095698112512): the inside of the browser. 'browser tabs as files' - there are two 'operating systems' on my computer, the browser and Unix, and Unix is by far the more accessible and programmable and cohesive as a computing environment (it has concepts that compose! shell, processes, files), even though it's arguably the less important to my daily life. [how can the browser take on more of the properties of Unix?](https://twitter.com/jcreed/status/1344982366243213312) - it's [way too hard](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1342236988938719232) to make a browser extension. even 'make an extension' is a bad framing; it suggests making an extension is a whole Thing, a whole Project. like, why can't I just take a minute to ask my browser a question or tell it to automate something? lightness - "files are a sort of approachable 'bridge' that everyone knows how to interact with" / files are like one of the first things you learn if you know any programming language / ["because of this fs thing any beginner coding thing can make use of it now"](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1345490658836926464) - a lot of existing uses of these browser control APIs are in an automation context: testing your code on a robotic browser as part of some pipeline. I'm much more interested in an interactive, end-user context. augmenting the way I use my everyday browser. that's why this is an extension. it doesn't require your browser to run in some weird remote debugging mode that you'd always forget to turn on. it just [stays running](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1340150818553561094) - [system call tracing](https://jvns.ca/strace-zine-v2.pdf) (dtruss or strace) super useful when anything is going wrong. (need to disable SIP on macOS, though.) the combination of dtruss (application side) & console logging fs request/response (filesystem side) gives a huge amount of insight into basically any problem, end to end - there is sort of this sequence that I learned to try with anything. first, either simple shell commands or pure C calls -- shell commands are more ergonomic, C calls have the clearest mental model of what syscalls they actually invoke. only then do you move to the text editor or the Mac Finder, which are a lot fancier and throw a lot more stuff at the filesystem at once (so more can go wrong) - for a lot of things in the extension API, the browser can notify you of updates but there's no apparent way to query the full current state. so we'd need to sit in a lot of these places from the beginning and accumulate the incoming events to know, like, the last time a tab was updated, or the list of scripts currently running on a tab - async/await was absolutely vital to making this readable - filesystem as 'open input space' where there are things you can say beyond what this particular filesystem cares about. (it reminds me of my [Screenotate](https://screenotate.com) -- screenshots give you this open field where you can [carry through](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1221687986510680064) stuff that the OCR doesn't necessarily recognize or care about. same for the real world in Dynamicland; you can scribble notes or whatever even if the computer doesn't see them) - now you have this whole 'language', this whole toolset, to control and automate your browser. there's this built-up existing capital where lots of people and lots of application software and lots of programming languages ... already know the operations to work with files - this project is cool bc i immediately get [a dataset i care about](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1084166291793965056). I found myself using it 'authentically' pretty quickly -- to clear out my tabs, to help me develop other things in the browser so I'd have actions I could trigger from my editor, ... - stuff that looks cool / is related: - [SQLite virtual tables](https://www.sqlite.org/vtablist.html) have some of the same energy as FUSE synthetic filesystems to me, except instead of 'file operations', 'SQL' is the well-known interface / knowledge base / ecosystem that they [piggyback](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1237986368812224513) on. [osquery](https://osquery.readthedocs.io/en/stable/) seems particularly cool - Plan 9. I think a lot about [extensibility in the Acme text editor](https://mostlymaths.net/2013/03/extensibility-programming-acme-text-editor.html/), where [instead](https://twitter.com/geoffreylitt/status/1265384495542415360) of a 'plugin API', the editor just provides a synthetic filesystem - my [fake filesystems talk](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfHpDDXJQVg) - [Witchcraft](https://luciopaiva.com/witchcraft/) has the right idea for how to set up userscripts. just make files -- don't make [your own weird UI to add and remove them](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1196536798312140800). (I guess there is a political or audience [tradeoff](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1290031845363466242) here, where [some kinds](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1039036578427891713) of users might be comfortable with managing files, but you might alienate others. hmm) - [rmdir a non-empty directory](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1107427906832089088) -- when I was thinking if you should be able to `rm by-id/TABID` even though `TABID` is a folder. I feel like a new OS, something like Plan 9, should [generalize](https://twitter.com/rsnous/status/1070830656005988352) its file I/O APIs just enough to avoid problems like this. like design them with the disk in mind but also a few concrete cases of synthetic filesystems, very slow remote filesystems, etc do you like setting up sockets? I don't